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An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware. An operating system is a software which performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

The three most common operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux. Modern operating systems use a graphical user interface, or GUI.

The user interface (UI) is the point at which human users interact with a computer, website or application. The goal of effective UI is to make the user's experience easy and intuitive, requiring minimum effort on the user's part to receive maximum desired outcome.

The Start menu is a graphical user interface element used in Microsoft Windows since Windows 95 and in some other operating systems. It provides a central launching point for computer programs and performing other tasks. 

These are the settings that let you connect to the Internet and control how your browser operates. This includes items such as your home page URL, favorites, bookmarks, cookies, security settings, dial-up connections, and proxy settings.

Word processing is an application program that allows you to create letters, reports, newsletters, tables, form letters, brochures, and Web pages. Using this application program you can add pictures, tables, and charts to your documents. You can also check spelling and grammar.

Word automatically starts with a blank page. For opening a new file, click on "New". To close a document, click "X" in the upper right corner of window.

Text manipulation usually refers to the ability to change words, sentences and paragraphs which have been typed. The manipulation can involve the changing of the characters (letters and symbols), adding line breaks, direction of the text and changing the case (CAPITAL letter or small letter) of the characters. Writing the text, i.e. developing a draft. Careful editing and proofreading, polishing the content and formatting.

Formatting text in Microsoft Word refers to controlling how text appears in your document. This includes the size, color, and font of the text. It also covers text alignment, spacing, and letter case. Microsoft Word styles make it easy to change and apply styles throughout a document.

Components of a Spreadsheet are:

spreadsheet - a table in which you can enter and manipulate data.

cell - a table entry. 

row - cells aligned horizontally. 

column - cells aligned vertically. 

range - the specification for a series of cells. 

function - an operation applied to a range of cells, always beginning with an "=" sign.

The collection of means for precise control of the static or dynamic position of individual biological cells with the purpose of observing, probing, and/or altering the cellular responses.

A chart is a tool you can use in Excel to communicate data graphically. Charts allow your audience to see the meaning behind the numbers, and they make showing comparisons and trends much easier.

 A computer network is a group of two or more interconnected computer systems. Computer networks help you to connect with multiple computers together to send and receive information. Switches work as a controller which connects computers, printers, and other hardware devices.

Some services on internet are:

Internet Services,Communication Services,Information Retrieval Services,Web Services,World Wide Web (WWW),Video Conferencing.

Internet Services allows us to access huge amount of information such as text, graphics, sound and software over the internet.

There are three ingredients needed to access the Internet from a laptop or desktop computer: (1) an ISP, (2) a modem and (3) a Web browser.

Wifi Hotspots are sites that offer Internet access over a wireless local area network (WLAN) by way of a router that then connects to an Internet service provider. Hotspots utilize WiFi technology, which allows electronic devices to connect to the Internet or exchange data wirelessly through radio waves.

A web browser is application software for accessing the World Wide Web. When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the web browser retrieves.

A search engine is a software system that is designed to carry out web searches. They search the world wide web in a systematic way for particular information specified in a textual web search query.

Electronic mail, or email for short, is an online message delivery system. It delivers private messages to individuals and groups. These messages are delivered to the recipient's email inbox, usually within seconds. You can attach files to email messages and even put images within the message body.

Email provides many advanced features which includes sending attachments like documents, videos, images, audio, etc.

Instant messaging is real time mutual communication between persons via internet. This is a private chat.Unlike emails, where you have wait for the reply from the recipient, collaboration uses instant messaging technique. This also supports the usage of add-on features like smiley or emoticons with the text message.

In this chapter, we are going to discuss in detail about the applications of presentation using Microsoft PowerPoint, opening and saving a presentation, creating presentation using templates and a blank presentation, entering and editing text, inserting and deleting slides in a presentation, preparing slides, inserting word table or an excel worksheet and other objects, adding clip arts, resizing and scaling of objects.

This lecture is about , How we can provide aesthetics by enhancing text presentation,working with colors and line style, adding movie and sound, header and footer, viewing a presentation, choosing a set up for presentation, printing slides and handouts, Slide Show, running a Slide Show, transition and slide timings, automating a Slide Show.